There's a story about a locksmith I think about a lot.
As an apprentice, he was slow. Opening a jammed lock took him an hour of visible struggle, and customers watched him work for it, paid the full fee, and tipped him on top. Years later, he could open the same lock in two minutes. He was better at his job in every way. And customers started complaining about the price, and the tips stopped.
Every important outcome in your career — the raise, the promotion, your reputation — is decided by other people, based on their impression of your work. And impressions don't form fairly.
They form through a few predictable quirks of human judgment, and those quirks regularly make good work look worth less than it is. That's what happened to the locksmith: his work got better, but in his customers' eyes, its value dropped. Once you know the quirks, you can stop the same thing happening to you.
Quirk 1: People judge the effort they can see
The locksmith's customers were really paying for the hour of struggle they watched. When the struggle disappeared, the price suddenly felt unfair — even though the result got better.
Researchers call this the labor illusion, and businesses design around it: travel sites show "searching 500 airlines..." with a slow progress bar because instant results feel cheap. Similarly, when using AI, responses seem more trustworthy if there’s been a lot of “thinking” time by the AI.
This quirk punishes skilled people hardest. As you get better, difficult things look easy in your hands, and people quietly lower their estimate of your work. The analysis you turned around in one day reads as one day of work — the ten years that made a one-day turnaround possible are invisible.
So when you deliver something difficult, say so. One sentence is enough: "This looked simple, but the data was a mess and I had to rebuild it three times."
And when someone praises your work, stop the reflexive "oh, it was nothing" we all say. They'll take you at your word. Say “It was a grind so I’m glad it was worth it!”
Quirk 2: Recent work counts far more than it should
At your review, your manager answers one question — how did this person do this year? — from memory. And memory massively overweights the last few weeks. A strong year ending in one bad month gets remembered as a bad year. An average year that ends with a visible win gets remembered warmly.
Two ways to use this:
Time your requests. Ask for the raise or the bigger project right after a win, while it's the freshest thing in their memory of you. Just made a mistake? Wait, deliver your next win, then ask. The same request gets a different answer depending on the week.
Keep a win log. Every Friday, spend five minutes noting what you finished, fixed, or handled. Bring the list to your review, and your manager judges your actual year instead of their three-week memory of it. Bonus: updating your resume becomes copy-paste (Resume Worded will optimize it for free).
Quirk 3: A loss feels twice as big as a gain
One of psychology's most repeated findings, from Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky: losing something feels about twice as strong as gaining the same thing. The pain of losing $100 is roughly double the pleasure of winning $100.
This matters because most proposals can be framed as a gain or as a loss — and the loss version is far more persuasive. Say you want your company to buy a tool. The gain version: "this could help us win more clients." Your manager hears a nice-to-have, and the decision slides to next quarter. The loss version: "we're losing about two deals a month to competitors who already use this." Now waiting has a price, and the decision happens this week.
So before any pitch, ask: what are we losing right now by not doing this? Lead with that. Just keep the loss true and specific — invented losses destroy trust fast.
Quirk 4: Incentives beat instructions, every time
Every workplace gives people two sets of directions.
The official set: instructions, stated values, what the boss asks for.
The real set: what actually earns them money, promotions, or praise.
When the two conflict, people follow the real set — usually without realizing it.
The company Xerox learned this the expensive way. Back in the day they released a new printer that was much better than their old model, even in terms of price. But the old one kept outselling it. The reason: salesmen earned a higher commission on the old machine. Management said "sell the new printer." The paycheck said "sell the old one." The paycheck won.
So when someone's behavior at work confuses you, find what they're rewarded for.
The infrastructure team keeps delaying your launch? Maybe they're judged on system stability, so your launch is pure risk to them. Offer a gradual rollout and a testing plan, and the resistance disappears.
Want your team to be more creative? But do you only praise finished work, never wild ideas — so finished-but-safe is what you get.
If you ask for problems to be flagged early but get visibly annoyed when they are, you've trained your team to hide problems.
A company's true values work the same way: skip the values page and look at what the last three promoted people did — that's the real rule book.
Humans follow incentives, not instructions.
One more: your own brain
The quirks above sit in other people's heads, where you can spot them and plan around them. Your own brain has quirks too, and those are harder, because you can't see them from the inside — a bad decision feels completely reasonable while you're making it.
What you can see is your state. The copywriter Gary Halbert taught his son: never decide anything while Hungry, Angry, Lonely, or Tired. I love this rule and find it immensely useful. You can't tell whether you're thinking straight, but you can always tell whether you're tired. So sleep on big decisions. Send the angry email tomorrow, not today (most often you won't end up sending it).
And move negotiations or important calls off exhausting days — tired people accept bad terms just to make the conversation end.
The locksmith thought his job was opening locks. It was really two jobs: opening locks, and making sure people understood what that was worth. Most of us only ever learn the first one. Now you know the second!
